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IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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Academic year 2023/2024
- Course ID
- SVB0101
- Teachers
- Fabio Penna
Riccardo Autelli - Degree course
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Year
- 2nd year
- Teaching period
- Semester 1
- Type
- Distinctive
- Credits/Recognition
- 6
- Course disciplinary sector (SSD)
- MED/04 - experimental medicine and pathophysiology
- Delivery
- Formal authority
- Language
- English
- Attendance
- Optional
- Type of examination
- Written
- Prerequisites
- Basic knowledge of cell biology, biochemistry, human anatomy, physiology, immunology, oncology and molecular pathology is mandatory.
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Sommario del corso
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Course objectives
This teaching contributes to the learning objectives included into the Biomedical area of the Master in Cellular and Molecular Biology - Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, providing knowledge and applicative abilities aimed to provide students a deep and integrated knowledge of biological systems and the ability to apply such knowledge in specific fields, in particular biomedicine. In details, students should acquire an in-depth knowledge about the consequences of an altered immune response and be able to figure out how loss of molecular and cellular homeostasis, or failure of specific organs/systems impairs functioning of the whole organism.
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Results of learning outcomes
KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION - At the end of the course the students should have learned:
1) the relevance of the immune system as a potential source of disease;
2) the molecular mechanisms underlying pathologies due to excessive or defective immune response;
3) the necessary information to understand how metabolic alterations or loss of function at cellular, tissue and organ levels affect human health.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION - The student should become able to integrate the knowledge obtained from the section of Immunopathology with that derived from other courses such as Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Medical and Oncological Genetics. In addition, the student should demonstrate the acquisition of knowledge on how to perform immunometric analysis.
The student will also gain the capability to face with, communicate and discuss about subjects relevant to pathophysiology and human health with a sound language.
JUDGMENT AUTONOMY - The student should be able to evaluate and provide interpretation of experimental data.
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Program
Unit I - Immunopathology
Cytokines: molecular aspects, role in the regulation of cell turnover and immune response, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases. Major histocompatibility complex in pathology. Immediate hypersensitivity (type I): anaphylaxis, atopia, skin reaction, asthma, anaphylactic shock, food allergies. Type II hypersensitiviy: reactions against erythrocytes, platelets, blood groups, immune-based hemoliytic anemias. Immunocomplex hypersensitivity (type III): serum sickness, glomerulonephritis, Arthus reaction, immunocomplex detection. Delayed type hypersensitivity (type IV). Transplant rejection. Role of immune system, time and prevention. Immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Tolerance mechanisms breaking, association with pathology. Diagnostic and prognostic value of autoantibodies. Rheumatoid arthritis, ESL, Hashimoto tiroiditis, pernicious anemia, multiple sclerosis. Primary immunodeficiency: B and T lymphocyte deficit, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), adenosine deaminase deficiency, gene therapy. Deficiency of natural immunity. Secondary immunodeficiency. AIDS. Tumor immunology: immunosurveillance, tumor-associated antigens, immune escape. Immunotherapy: active and passive, tumor immunotherapy, anti-cytokine treatments Vaccines: theory, efficiency and safety, experimental vaccines. Discussion and presentation of scientific papers.
Unit II - Pathophysiology
Heart and circulation diseases. Myocardial infarction and outcomes.
Blood pressure control and alterations: hypertension, hypotension. Genetic factors and monogenic forms of hypertension.
Thrombosis and embolism.
Edema: localized and systemic forms; pathogenesis. Acute mountain sickness and complications. Shock: different types, related pathogenesis, evolution and outcomes.
Diabetes. classification and pathogenesis. Long-term complications.
Atherosclerosis: lipoprotein metabolism and molecular pathogenesis of intimal lipoprotein accumulation. Basic vascular defenses against alterations of endothelial permeability.
Liver pathology: viral and non-viral pathogenesis. steatosis, fibrosis; cirrhosis and complications. Liver failure.
Lung diseases, pulmonary edema, obstructive and restrictive diseases. Impact of pulmonary disease on acid-base equilibrium.
Gene therapy: principles and applications to monogenic diseases. Cancer gene therapy: principles, feasibility, strategies, perspectives.
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Course delivery
Each Unit consists of 3 CFU, delivered as 24 hours of formal in-class lectures and seminars, for a total of 6 CFU (48 hours of lectures). Though recommended, attendance to lessons is optional and will be monitored exclusively for statistical purposes.
All lectures will be delivered in presence, subject to updates on the measures adopted by UniTo which can be found on the University portal under "Provisions for those who study and work at UniTo" (see https://en.unito.it/
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Learning assessment methods
Learning will be assessed by means of a final written test held in specific predefined calls, in presence, subject to updates on the measures adopted by UniTo which can be found on the University portal under "Provisions for those who study and work at UniTo" (see https://en.unito.it/studying-unito). The exam consists of a Moodle-based test of 6 questions (3 for each Unit) dealing with all the teaching program developed during the course. Each question will have a miximum score of 5 points. Excellent essays receiving at least 29 points will be considered on an individual basis for the 'honors'. The test will be held in a computer-equipped classroom, which will be communicated to the students using the mailing list self-generated by test enrollment. The time allowed will be 60 minutes. Questions are mainly open, aimed at evaluating the specific knowledge, but also the skill for both synthesis and speech organization.
Academic conduct: The penalty for course-related dishonesty (ei. cheating on exams, plagiarism, etc) will be a failure for the entire course.
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Support activities
Unit I
Seminars held during the teaching period and practical demonstration of immunometric and flow cytometry techniques.
Unit II
None scheduled
Suggested readings and bibliography
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The slides used for the class lectures will be made available to registered students on the Moodle platform. This material will represent a trace of the subjects covered by the formal lessons, but will not replace the official information conveyed by the reference course textbook, as detailed below.
Unit I
Abbas A.K., Lichtman A.H., Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 9th edition, Elsevier, 2017.
Specific papers discussed during the lessons.
Unit II
Robbins and Cotran, Pathologic basis of disease, Elsevier.
Specific papers conveying last updates on critical subjects, for whose the recommended textbook may reveal not adequately updated.
- Enroll
- Closed
- Enrollment opening date
- 01/03/2022 at 00:00
- Enrollment closing date
- 31/12/2023 at 23:55
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